Häufig gestellte Fragen & Antworten rund um Spastik 

Spastik

Bei einer Spastik handelt es sich um eine krankhafte, chronische Erhöhung der Muskelspannung, die durch eine Schädigung des zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) hervorgerufen wird. Erfahren Sie hier die wichtigsten Infos zur Spastik.

Funktion des Muskels

Die Hauptfunktion des Muskels ist es sich zusammenzuziehen (Kontraktion) und zu lockern (Entspannung), um somit den Körper zu bewegen und zu stabilisieren.

Botulinumtoxin

Mangelnder Therapieerfolg

Ein unzureichender Erfolg der Spastik-Behandlung muss individuell mit den Ärzt*innen analysiert werden, da die Ursachen von einer suboptimalen Muskel- oder Zielauswahl über eine ungeeignete Dosierung bis hin zu immunologischen Reaktionen reichen können.

Spastik-Diagnostik

Die Diagnostik umfasst alle Maßnahmen zur systematischen Identifikation einer Spastik sowie gegebenfalls bildgebende und elektrophysiologische Verfahren zur Unterstützung präziser Injektionstherapien.

Quellenangaben

  • Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation (DGNR). Therapie des spastischen Syndroms. S2k-Leitlinie (AWMF-Registernummer 030/078). Leitlinienreport, 1. Auflage, Stand April 2025. AWMF; 2025 
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  • Del Vecchio, A., Negro, F., Holobar, A., Casolo, A., Folland, J., Felici, F., & Farina, D. (2019). You are as fast as your motor neurons: speed of recruitment and maximal discharge of motor neurons determine the maximal rate of force development in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 597. https://doi.org/10.1113/jp277396.
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  • Keles, C., & Ates, F. (2022). Botulinum Toxin Intervention in Cerebral Palsy-Induced Spasticity Management: Projected and Contradictory Effects on Skeletal Muscles. Toxins, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110772.
  • Ayoub, N. (2025). Botulinum Toxin Therapy: A Comprehensive Review on Clinical and Pharmacological Insights. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062021
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  • Spiegel, L., Ostrem, J., & Bledsoe, I. (2020). FDA Approvals and Consensus Guidelines for Botulinum Toxins in the Treatment of Dystonia. Toxins, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12050332.
  • Otero-Luis, I., Martínez-Rodrigo, A., Cavero-Redondo, I., Moreno-Herráiz, N., Martínez-García, I., & Saz-Lara, A. (2024). Effect of Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Treatment of Spasticity of Different Etiologies: An Umbrella Review. Pharmaceuticals, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17030310.
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  • Tamayo, F., Rosales, R., Wissel, J., Biering-Sørensen, B., Ellano, J., & Simpson, D. (2025). Botulinum Toxin in Pain-Related Post-Stroke Limb Spasticity: A Meta-Analysis of Early and Late Injections. Toxins, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050258.
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  • Doan, T., Kuo, M., & Chou, L. (2021). Efficacy and Optimal Dose of Botulinum Toxin A in Post-Stroke Lower Extremity Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Toxins, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13060428.
  • Walter, U., Mühlenhoff, C., Benecke, R., Dressler, D., Mix, E., Alt, J., Wittstock, M., Dudesek, A., Storch, A., & Kamm, C. (2020). Frequency and risk factors of antibody-induced secondary failure of botulinum neurotoxin therapy. Neurology, 94, e2109 – e2120. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000009444.
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  • Erro, R., Picillo, M., Pellecchia, M., & Barone, P. (2023). Improving the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin for Cervical Dystonia: A Scoping Review. Toxins, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060391.
  • Shipkov, H., Uchikov, P., Imran, A., Hassan, Z., Grozdev, I., Kraev, K., Kraeva, M., Koleva, N., Bozhkova, M., & Karamitev, S. (2025). Comparing Injection Methods of Botulinum Toxin A for Cervical Dystonia: A Systematic Review. Life, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060920.
  • Popescu, M., Căpeț, C., Beiu, C., & Berteanu, M. (2025). The Elias University Hospital Approach: A Visual Guide to Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spasticity: Part I—Distal Upper Limb Muscles. Toxins, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17030107.
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